Grade 1 Characters
The 100 most frequent Chữ Nôm words (100 entries)
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của – of; to belong to; properties, belongings
và – and, also
là – to be
một – one
một – [to sink; to have not]; also: number one (see 𠬠)
có – there is; to have; sure, of course
những – (plural marker); some; as many as
người – people; person; human
trong – clear, pure
trong – in; within
được – to get; to obtain; to be able to
không – no; not; without; (closed-question marker)
đã – already
với – (together) with
cho – to give; so that
các – each; every; all
tôi – I, my, me
ở – to be (somewhere); at; to live
ông – man; Mr.
về – to return; about; (back) to
để – to place; to set; to leave; to keep
cũng – also; too
đến – to arrive, to come
này – this; here
vào – in; into
nhiều – many; much; a lot of
anh – England; english; [brave, hero; petal, flower]
anh – elder brother
đó – there; that
như – as; like; alike; similar to
từ – word; phrase
từ – from, since
nhưng – but; yet
khi – when, while; case, circumstance
trên – above; at the top
ra – to get out
mà – but
phải – right; to have to; must; should
lại – also; to come; again, re-...
lại – (iteration mark)
còn – still; remaining; besides, also
sẽ – to be going to; will; shall
thì – [time; era, period]
thì – so, then; certainly
năm – five
năm – year
làm – to do; to make
nhà – house; home; building
mình – we; us
đi – to go, to walk; come on!
con – child
tại – at, in; because, because of
hai – two
bị – to befall; (passive preposition)
bị – [to prepare]
việc – job; work; business
chỉ – [to stop; to detain]
chỉ – [site, location]
chỉ – only; merely
chỉ – thread; yarn
chỉ – to show, to indicate, to instruct
sự – matter, business; occurrence, event
theo – to follow; according to
cái – a; the; (numeral)
vì – because; as; for
hơn – more than; better than
nói – to speak; to say; to talk
cô – Ms., young woman; father's sister; husband's mother
ngày – day
mới – new; fresh
lên – to rise; to ascend; to go up
rất – very; quite
họ – they
bà – woman; Mrs.
cuộc – match, game; [circumstances]
sách – book
đồng – field; countryside, country; rural
đồng – same; similar; Dong (Vietnamese currency unit)
đồng – copper; brass; bronze; coin, money
sau – after; following
việt nam – Vietnam; vietnamese
đang – currently; just; now
hay – or; good; well
sống – to live; alive; raw
nên – to ought to, shall; to become
có thể – possibly, maybe; may, can
biết – to know
thấy – to see; to feel
rồi – already; then; after
thành – citadel; city
thành – to become; to change into
thành – sincere; honest
vẫn – still, yet
khác – other; another; further
nước – water; country; nation
nó – he, she, it (colloquial)
tới – to arrive, to come
qua – to cross; to pass
cả – all; in total; completely
cùng – all, total; together with